Shajrawi, A., Khalil, H., Al?Smadi, A. M., Al Dweik, G., & Slater, P. (2020). A cross?cultural translation and adaptation of the Arabic Cardiac Self?Efficacy Questionnaire for patients with coronary heart disease. International Journal of Nursing Practice, e12827.?

Aim: The aim of this study is to cross-culturally translate and adapt the Cardiac Self- Efficacy Questionnaire into Arabic and subsequently evaluate the psychometric properties of that translation in a population of Arabic patients. Method: The original English version of the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was translated into Arabic following a process recommended by the World Health Organization. A convenience sample consisting of 268 Jordanian patients with coronary heart disease was recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in Amman, Jordan. Data were collected from October 2018 to March 2019. The factor structure, face and content validities, and internal consistency of the Arabic Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (A-CSEQ) were evaluated. Results: The factor structure analysis supported a three-factor high-order structure of the A-CSEQ. Face validity showed that the language used, style, and format were clear. The content validity demonstrated a very good content validity index. The reliability was good with ranging from 0.89 to 0.93 for all questionnaire subscales. Conclusion: The A-CSEQ is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the cardiac selfefficacy of Arabic patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Further assessment of the psychometric properties of the A-CSEQ with different cardiac problems is now recommended.