Documentation of Historical Sites Using a GIS Based Information and Management System and 3D Laser Scanning; Case Study of Al-Faddain, Mafraq

Documentation of the historical sites is tremendously significant for managing and preserving them from human-made activities and natural disasters, as well as being a base for further analysis and development decisions. This study has introduced a procedure employing Geographic Information System GIS and Laser scanning techniques aiming mainly to document and model the historical sites in both the 2D and 3D levels of details. Digitizing the footprints of the site buildings was implemented based on online ArcGIS world imagery with the aid of field visits and literature. Both spatial and descriptive data for the site were built. Using this geographic information system, all kinds of spatial and nonspatial analyses can be carried out, and different thematic maps, reports, and graphics can be created for the historical site. 3D data surveying using Terrestrial Laser Scanning of the historical buildings was carried out to produce exterior and interior 3D models for them. Both spatial and descriptive data in 2D and 3D models built in this research highlight the significance of such approach for operational decisions and sharing the knowledge about the Historical sites. The Umayyad palace in Al-Faddain site was chosen as a case study to apply our approach.