Over Exploitation of Groundwater in the Centre of Amman Zarqa Basin ? Jordan: Evaluation of Well Data and GRACE Satellite Observations.

ordan faces a sincere wa ter crisis. Groundwater is th e major water resource in Jordan and most of the ground water systems are already exploited beyond their estimated safe yield. The Amman Zarqa Basin is one of the most important groundwater systems in Jordan, which supplies the three largest cities in Jordan with drinki ng and irrigation water. Based on new data the groundwat er drawdown in the Amman Za rqa Basin is studied. This basin is the most used drainage area in Jo rdan. Groundwater draw down in eight central representative monitoring wells is outlined. Based on almost continuous data for the last 15 years (2000?2015) an average drawdown for the whole basin in the order of 1.1 m?a ? 1 is calculated. This result is in accordance with results of previous studies in other areas in Jordan and shows that, until now, no sust ainable water management is applied. Groundwater management in such a basin pres ents a challenge for water managers and experts. The applicability of satellite data for estimating large-scale groundwater over exploitation, such as gravity products of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, along with supplementary data , is discussed. Altho ugh the size of the basin is below the minimum resolution of GRACE, the data generally support the measured drawdown.